Any craftsman working with wood has carpentry chisels in his arsenal. This hand tool helps in the processing of wooden workpieces; a well-sharpened blade of various shapes is used for carving of any complexity. You can buy ready-made sets of fixtures, experienced craftsmen prefer to make chisels on wood with their own hands - these are obtained perfectly adapted to a specific carver.
Definition
What is a chisel: this is a professional tool of a carpenter or joiner, which is used to prepare wooden blanks for processing, for chamfering, drawing carving ornaments by removing excess layers of wood. The design includes a plastic or often wooden handle and a sharpened blade of various shapes.
Tool types
The wood chisel in different versions helps the craftsman to process wooden workpieces, decorate products. For these purposes, take tools with a different shape of the blade. Types of wood carving chisels:
- Straight chisel knife is suitable for processing wooden workpieces and cutting simple recesses.
- Slanting chisel equipped with bevel angle 450 blade. It is used for cutting longitudinal grooves and primary processing of workpieces.
- The angular chisel looks like 2 closed planes of the blade at different angles, this is used to cut V-shaped notches. The sharper (smaller) the angle of the torch, the deeper the notch.
- Semicircular chisels for woodcarving are one of the main varieties of the tool. These are semicircular products designed to prepare material and cut ornaments of varying complexity, applying serifs. Allocate round, middle, sloping.
- Klukarza resembles a semicircular chisel with the only difference being that its working part is rounded not only along the end face of the blade, but also along the shaft. This contributes to a clearer movement of the tool on the wooden workpiece. Klukarzy, in turn, can have a rounded, carbon, straight end cutting part.
- Caesarics are the same semicircular chisels, but with a narrow working part, only up to 3 mm wide. Designed for cutting thin grooves and working out the tiniest figured ornaments.
- Shtiheli with a mushroom handle and an oblique incisor are used mainly for cutting grooves. Moreover, the greater the applied effort of the master, the sharper and deeper the thread is obtained.
- Rivets - mini-chisels on wood with a thin sharpening of a narrow blade in the form of a sharp leaf. The device is used in cases where a normal-sized tool cannot apply the drawing with the required accuracy.
- Marigold is also a type of mini chisel for cutting thin fragments, but more rounded - the narrow end has a rounding.
- Reverse chisels and sticks equipped with a convex outward recess to create a protruding pattern above the plane of the main canvas.
The presented species in different quantities are used by masters. Their modifications can also be different: flat can be wide or narrow, angular - wide-angle or narrow-angle, round flattened or radial. Ready-made kits contain tools in different configurations, which are not always complete or necessary for a particular master. Therefore, many joiners and carpenters prefer to make do-it-yourself chisels for woodcarving. The quality of work with such devices is no different from the use of a factory tool.
Wood carving
Any wood professional should know how to work with this tool.
A wide chisel with a straight blade shape is suitable for the initial processing of wooden workpieces. With its help, coarse fibers, knots, and other irregularities are removed. The tool can be used as a chisel for punching holes using shock pulses.
The device removes chamfers, the ends of narrow edges, process the recesses.
The tool is universal in application: it can be held at a right or acute angle depending on the desired effect. The lines are drawn by hand or along a ruler, for this it is better to use a metal one.
Figured chisels are used as necessary in the same way: a tool is placed on the working surface and excess wood is removed by pressing movements. Impact force allows you to get deep cuts and clear shapes.
How to do it yourself
Making a quality tool begins with the right choice of materials. For the blade, you can take:
- Mill for metal. Among other blanks, this one has sufficient rigidity, holds sharpening well.
- Drills for metal will become the basis for narrow mini-chisels.
- A semicircle is easy to obtain from a used punch.
- A chisel for corners will be obtained from any profiled tool.
- The file will also be an excellent source for a carpentry chisel.
- Needle files become the basis for creating a thin instrument.
To make a mini-chisel, you can take a small piece of metal as a workpiece. At home, it’s more convenient to create small tools.
For the handle we take a wooden bar. It is much more reliable than plastic, and it sits more confidently in the hand.
On the market you can find forged chisels for woodcarving. They are made of carbon strong steel, such are resistant to wear and hold shape and sharpness longer.
We will look at ways to create professional chisels from improvised materials.
Prepare the tool:
- Metal cutter;
- Pliers and tongs;
- Water tank for cooling hot metal.
Milling Chisel
Do-it-yourself chisel is done very quickly according to this algorithm:
- On the saw, we cut the workpiece of the desired length along the contour drawn in advance. Provision should be made for a handle of the same length as the blade. In such a proportion, the tool is firmly fixed in a wooden casing.
- We grind the surface of the blade, constantly dipping metal in water for cooling.
- Now we cut the handle out of wood. To do this, use a saw, a planer. The handle will consist of 2 halves, between which a metal workpiece will be fixed.
- In one of the halves of the handle we create a slot for the blade. To do this, create a shallow contour in size.
- We connect the finished parts with the help of wood glue, clamp in a vice and leave for a day. For reliability, the halves can be pulled with small screws.
In this way, you can make straight or beveled mini chisels. Instead of a disc, any part made of durable steel is suitable.
Metal drill tool
How to make a chisel from a drill is not difficult:
- The tip is flattened by shock load or sawed off;
- We give the knife the desired shape. Great nails or rivets are made from a drill;
- According to the above algorithm, we make a pen.
Chisels fromdrill are widely used in carpentry practice: they can be made easily and quickly, and most importantly - according to the necessary, thinnest sizes and shapes.
Semicircular chisels
The most common semicircular chisel for woodcarving is obtained from a punch - the workpiece already has the desired shape. It remains only to cut off the excess metal and sharpen the blade.
How to make a semicircular chisel:
- Take the punch of the desired diameter.
- We cut off the excess part of the radius with a saw.
- While the metal is warm, you can give it the desired roundness, for example, slightly flatten the semicircle to obtain a semi-oval.
- Sharpen the blade.
- We make a pen.
We use a file
A file chisel is made on the grinding wheel. This is how thick straight cutters and chisels are made. It is necessary to sharpen the file at the desired angle and insert the workpiece into the wooden handle.
An angled chisel can be machined from a square file if desired. To do this, stock up on a good abrasive for a circle for metal.
Needle files
The thin file will make an excellent tool for cutting any shape. And you can make it right in the kitchen above the gas stove.
- Take the file with the pliers in the middle and heat over the gas until red.
- Gently, but quickly bend the hot workpiece to the desired shape and lower it into cold water for cooling.
- We wipe the tool and sharpen it.
Corner chisels
For their production we use any profile product made of durable steel. By the methods already described, we cut off the excess metal and grind the workpieces at the right angle.
The tool can also be made by bending the workpiece of any shape, however, this is not suitable for cutting hard wood.